%%% %%% File: manual.tex, version 1.01, April 1997 %%% ============================================= %%% Copyright (c) 1996 by John Jones. All rights reserved. %%% This file is free and can be modified or distributed as long as %%% you meet the following conditions: %%% %%% (1) This copyright notice is kept intact on all modified copies. %%% (2) If you modify this file, you MUST NOT use the original file name. %%% %%% This file serves two purposes. First, it provides %%% instructions on preparing a thesis using LaTeX and %%% asthesis.sty. Second, it is an example of the ASU thesis %%% style file in action. You should latex this file and view %%% or print the results. (How you do that depends on your %%% computer.) You then have nicely formatted instructions. \documentclass[11pt]{report} %% LaTeX2e document. This has only been %% tested in 11 point. \usepackage {asthesis} %% Preamble. \sloppy %% TeX will try harder to adhere to the %% margins even if it thinks the result %% is less aesthetic. \mastersthesis %% Uncomment one of these; if you don't % \phdthesis %% use either, the default is \phdthesis. % \thesisdraft %% Uncomment this if you want a draft %% version; this will print a timestamp %% on each page of your thesis. %\singlespace %% Uncomment one of these if you want % \oneandhalfspace %% single-spacing, space-and-a-half \doublespace %% or double-spacing; the default is %% \doublespace, which is required %% by the Graduate College. Choose %% single spacing for drafts to save %% on excessive laser printing/paper. \singlespacebib %% You are allowed by Graduate College %% rules to single space entries in the %% bibliography (if you double space between %% them). Uncomment this line to activate %% that feature. % \dontforcetitlecaps %% According to Graduate College rules, %% the title of the thesis must be in all %% caps. Ordinarily, this file will force %% it to be in ALL CAPS. If you want to test %% the format people in the grad office, uncomment %% this line; your title will be typeset as %% you have typed it. \reasonableheads %\logicalnumbering \renewcommand{\thesisauthor}{John W. Jones} %% Your official ASU name. \renewcommand{\thesismonth}{May} %% Your month of graduation. \renewcommand{\thesisyear}{1996} %% Your year of graduation. \renewcommand{\thesistitle}{How to Use asthesis.sty to prepare a thesis at ASU } %% The title of your thesis \renewcommand{\thesissupervisor}{Leslie Lamport} %% Your thesis advisor; use mixed-case %% and don't use any titles or degrees. \renewcommand{\thesisdedication}{To my dog} %% Your dedication, if you have one; use %% "\\" for linebreaks. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%% %%% The following commands are all optional, but useful if your requirements %%% are different from the default values in asthesis.sty. To use them, %%% simply uncomment (remove the leading %) the line(s). \renewcommand{\thesisdefensemonth}{\thesismonth} %% We assume that you are giving your %% thesis defense in the same month as you %% will graduate. If your defense takes %% place in a different month, replace %% \thesismonth with the correct month. % \renewcommand{\chairnumber}{2} %% Uncomment this only if you have MORE %% than one chair for your committee, in %% which case you should put the number %% of chairs in place of the number 2 % \renewcommand{\thesiscommitteesize}{...} %% Uncomment this only if your thesis %% committee does NOT have 5 members %% for \phdthesis or 3 for \mastersthesis. %% Replace the "..." with the correct %% number of members. This includes the %% number of chairs or co-chairs. % \renewcommand{\thesisdegree}{...} %% Uncomment this only if your thesis %% degree is NOT "DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY" %% for \phdthesis or "MASTER OF ARTS" %% for \mastersthesis. Provide the %% correct FULL OFFICIAL name of %% the degree. % \renewcommand{\thesistype}{...} %% Use this ONLY if your thesis type %% is NOT "Dissertation" for \phdthesis %% or "Thesis" for \mastersthesis. %% Provide the OFFICIAL type of the %% thesis; use mixed-case. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % This is a good place for personal macros: \newcommand{\nc}{\newcommand} \nc{\latex}{\LaTeX} \nc{\ttt}[1]{\texttt{#1}} \nc{\astex}{\texttt{asthesis.tex}} \nc{\assty}{\texttt{asthesis.sty}} \nc{\myit}[1]{\par\medskip\noindent\textbf{#1}} \begin{document} %% Most of the front matter should be %% commented out until you are ready for %% final drafts \thesistitlepage %% Generate the title page. \thesissignaturepage %% Generate the signature page. \begin{thesisabstract} %% Use this to write your thesis %% abstract; it can be anything This provides an overview on how to prepare a thesis using \verb+asthesis.sty+, a \LaTeX{} style file designed to format theses in accordance with the rules of the Graduate College at ASU. This is not a guide on how to use \LaTeX; the user should be able to create simple documents with \LaTeX; see \cite{lamp}, \cite{comp}, or \cite{graz} for information on using \LaTeX{} in general. There is a short two page introduction in \cite{jj1}. More complete information available for free on the Web \cite{shortintro}. Some limited information on using \LaTeX{} on specific types of computers is available \cite{jj2,jj3,jj4,jj5}. For these, you will need to know how to use a web browser such as Netscape to retrieve them, and how to print a postscript and/or a \TeX-dvi file. These are all easy, but not described here. This document does describe use of the template \astex. Since this ``thesis'' was created using that same template, you can compare with the source for this document to discover its secrets. It also describes a few features of \LaTeX{} generally considered ``advanced'' but which frequently occur in graduate theses. \end{thesisabstract} %% allowed in LaTeX2e par-mode. \thesisdedicationpage %% Generate the dedication page. %% This is optional \begin{thesisacknowledgments} %% Use this to write your %% acknowledgments; it can be anything %% allowed in LaTeX2e par-mode. I would like to thank the students who were the first to use \assty{} with their thesis. In doing so, they were essentially ``beta-testers'' for the software. I would also like to thank the people responsible for the format requirements at ASU. Without such arcane and absurd rules, I could have spent my time on something more worthwhile. \end{thesisacknowledgments} %% This is optional \tableofcontents %% Generate table of contents. \listoftables %% Uncomment this to generate list %% of tables. % \listoffigures %% Uncomment this to generate list %% of figures. %% Begin your thesis text here; follow %% the report style and group your text %\chapter{...} %% in chapters, sections, etc. %% A good approach is to have only \input %% statements here and keep your content %% in other files. \chapter{Introduction and Conventions} \begin{spacing}{1} This is a ``dummy'' thesis produced with the file \assty. While describing how to use this style file to format and typeset a thesis, it illustrates how it works since {\em this} document was prepared as if it was a thesis. \section{Getting Started} The first thing a new user should do is get comfortable with \LaTeX. There are several books on the market which describe its features and commands (see \cite{lamp,comp,graz}). You may need some assistance in how to run files through \LaTeX, how to preview them, and how to print. Since this varies from one computer operating system to another, one should consult an expert on your favorite operating system for details. \section{Conventions} Throughout we will refer to the document being created as a thesis, although in your case it may be a dissertation. Second, we will refer to the file \verb+asthesis.tex+ whereas you may have renamed that file. Please do not be offended if we cannot guess what you will name it. \section{\TeX{} vs. \LaTeX{} vs. \assty{} vs. \astex} The program which actually does the typesetting is \TeX, which is a programmable typesetting system. It takes care of the nitty gritty details of picking line breaks, page breaks, and placing symbols for mathematics. \LaTeX{} is essentially a program written in \TeX{} to add automatic numbering of chapters and sections, building a table of contents, etc.. The author tells \LaTeX{} what type of material a particular phrase is (e.g., this file contains the line \begin{verbatim} \chapter{Introduction and Conventions} \end{verbatim} to tell \LaTeX{} the title of this chapter -- \LaTeX{} takes it from there). The file \assty{} tells \LaTeX{} what the style parameters are for a mathematics thesis at ASU (e.g., what font, size, placement to use for chapter titles, etc.). The file \astex{} is a template for using all of the above on your thesis. The goal is for authors to spend more of their time on thesis content and less on formatting questions. \end{spacing} \chapter{Basics of {\tt asthesis.tex}} \begin{spacing}{1} You may be able to successfully use \verb+asthesis.tex+ to produce a thesis by reading the comments provided in the file itself. Then again, you might find the extra information provided here to be even more useful. \section{Running \LaTeX} First of all, \astex{} is the ``main'' file for your thesis in the sense that you will always be running \LaTeX{} on it. For example, if you are using a Unix machine, you would run \LaTeX{} on your thesis with the command: \begin{verbatim} helios.la.asu.edu> latex asthesis.tex \end{verbatim} Here, \verb+helios.la.asu.edu>+ is the command prompt--you would not type that. If you rename the file \verb+asthesis.tex+ to \verb+seeya.tex+, you will have to substitute the proper name: \begin{verbatim} helios.la.asu.edu> latex seeya.tex \end{verbatim} \section{The power of comments} \label{comments} The file \verb+asthesis.tex+ is full of the \LaTeX{} comment symbol: \verb+%+. Everything after such a symbol on a line is not read by \LaTeX. This is how we put so much documentation into the file itself. Comments play even more useful role. By putting a \LaTeX{} command on a line preceded by a comment, such as \begin{verbatim} % \thesisdraft \end{verbatim} \latex{} will ignore that line (so the command \verb+\thesisdraft+ is not executed). If you want the command to be executed, delete the comment character. If you change your mind, just put the comment character back in. This makes it easy to go back and forth between different options. You can carry this a step further. Suppose you put the contents of chapter 1 of your thesis in a file \verb+chap1.tex+. You should then have a line saying \begin{verbatim} \input{chap1} \end{verbatim} in your \verb+asthesis.tex+ file. If you don't want \latex{} to process that chapter right now, put a comment symbol at the beginning of the line so it looks like this: \begin{verbatim} % \input{chap1} \end{verbatim} In this way, you can go back and forth including/excluding large chunks of thesis at a time by adding and deleting a single character. By working on a single section of your thesis at a time, you may speed up the process of running it through \latex. \section{Filling in the blanks} The file \astex{} has a number of lines which are to be filled in by the author. This information is then placed appropriately on the title page and the signature page. Other lines provide options from which the user can choose. Here is a list of the commands which appear in \astex{} with some added information. \begin{verbatim} \usepackage {asthesis} \end{verbatim} This line must appear to load the style macros. \begin{verbatim} \sloppy \end{verbatim} This line is optional. It affects the way \LaTeX{} decides where to break lines and pages. The tradeoff is whether to let your text stick into the margin a bit if it gives much better line breaks elsewhere. Keeping \verb+\sloppy+ in effect (i.e., not commenting it out) makes sure that the margins are strictly adhered to. To appease the format checkers in the Graduate Office, we recommend keeping your document ``\verb+\sloppy+''. (This usage of the word ``sloppy'' may be counter-intuitive, but it fits with the perspective built into \TeX's design. If this really bothers you, see the \TeX{} book \cite{tex} for a description of how \verb+\sloppy+ affects the line-breaking/page-breaking algorithms in \TeX.) \begin{verbatim} % \mastersthesis % \phdthesis \end{verbatim} You should pick the line which applies to your degree and uncomment that line. The choice affects which degree is on your title page, and whether your work is referred to as a thesis or a dissertation. If you can't make up your mind, the thesis will be set as a Ph.D. thesis. \begin{verbatim} % \thesisdraft \end{verbatim} You may want to make this line uncommented for early versions of your thesis. Its nicest feature is that it prints the date on each page so it is easy to differentiate multiple copies of your thesis. \begin{verbatim} % \singlespace % \oneandhalfspace % \doublespace \end{verbatim} These commands affect the amount of space between printed lines. The default line spacing is double spaced (as required by the Graduate College). To save paper, you may want to choose single or one-and-a-half spacing for a preliminary draft. If several of these lines are uncommented, only the last one will take effect. \begin{verbatim} %\singlespacebib \end{verbatim} The Graduate College gives you the option of double spacing your entire bibliography or to single space it within entries and to double space between entries. To choose the latter behavior, uncomment the \verb+\singlespacebib+ command. \begin{verbatim} \logicalnumbering \end{verbatim} This command changes the way sections, and subsections, \ldots{} are numbered. The default is for the second section of the third chapter to be numbered $2$. If you uncomment \verb+\logicalnumbering+, it would be numbered $3.2$. Subsections, and smaller divisions would then follow suit. The default behavior is determined by the AMS book style. We recommend that you stick with it. It is a common way to number sections in books, and learning to deal with requirements of a publisher is part of the thesis production process. On the other hand, the change put into effect by \verb+\logicalnumbering+ makes sense to most mathematicians because it gives each part of the document a unique number which eases cross referencing. Use it at your own risk. \begin{verbatim} \dontforcetitlecaps \end{verbatim} The Graduate College requires that your title be capitalized, and so \assty{} does this automatically even if you type it in with mixed or lower case. If this feature has some undesirable side effect for you (which is unlikely), then uncomment this line. The your title will be typeset without the automatic capitalization. \begin{verbatim} \reasonableheads \end{verbatim} This relates to a picky style point: should the Table of Contents (and if you have them, List of Figures/List of Tables) have the word ``Page'' above the column of page numbers? The style guide does not require it and some of the Graduate College format checkers go along with that. One format checkers requires the word ``Page'' as a column heading. So, we give you the choice. If you comment out \verb+\reasonableheads+, you will get the column headings. If you leave it uncommented, there will be no such headings. \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesisauthor}{Ima Student} \end{verbatim} You need to replace \verb+Ima Student+ with your name as you would like it to appear on the title page, etc. \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesismonth}{May} \end{verbatim} Replace the word \verb+May+ with the month in which you officially {\em graduate}. \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesisyear}{1996} \end{verbatim} Replace the number \verb+1996+ with the year in which you officially {\em graduate}. \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesistitle}{...} \end{verbatim} Replace the \verb+...+ with the title of your thesis. \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesissupervisor}{Isaac Newton} \end{verbatim} Replace \verb+Isaac Newton+ with the actual name of your thesis advisor. You should use ``mixed-case'' as shown and just include the name (no titles or degrees). \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesisdedication}{...} \end{verbatim} Replace the \verb+...+ with the text of your dedication if you plan to have one. You may use \verb+\\+ to indicate line breaks if you would like to do them by hand. If you have a dedication, be sure to read the guidelines in the Graduate College Format Manual. It is unlikely that you will need to modify the following items, but they are included just in case. \begin{verbatim} \renewcommand{\thesisdefensemonth}{\thesismonth} \end{verbatim} This line sets the month of your thesis defense which will appear on your signature (approval) page. In most cases, this will be the same as your month of graduation, in which case you should do nothing to this line. If the two are different, replace \verb+\thesismonth+ with the correct month (e.g., July). \begin{verbatim} % \renewcommand{\chairnumber}{2} \end{verbatim} If you have more than one official advisor, then uncomment this line are replace the number \verb+2+ with the actual number of advisors you have. If you have only one advisor, leave this line commented out. \begin{verbatim} % \renewcommand{\thesiscommitteesize}{...} \end{verbatim} This affects the number of signature lines on the approval page. If you have selected \verb+\mastersthesis+ there will be lines for $3$ committee members. Otherwise there will be $5$ lines. If the corresponding number is not correct in your case, then uncomment this line and replace the \verb+...+ with the correct number (including advisors). \begin{verbatim} % \renewcommand{\thesisdegree}{...} \end{verbatim} This is initially set based on whether above you selected \verb+\mastersthesis+ (in which case your degree is {\em Master of Arts}) or \verb+\phdthesis+ (in which case your degree is {\em Doctor of Philosophy}). If it is not comming out right, you may override the default name of your degree here by uncommenting this line and replacing the \verb+...+ with the right name. \begin{verbatim} % \renewcommand{\thesistype}{...} \end{verbatim} This is initally set by your choice of \verb+\mastersthesis+ or \verb+\phdthesis+ above to be {\em Thesis} or {\em Dissertation} respectively. If you need to change this word as it appears on the title page, uncomment this line and replace the \verb+...+ with the correct term. \end{spacing} \chapter{Frequently asked questions} \begin{spacing}{1} The package \verb+asthesis.sty+ has not been around very long, so these questions have not been asked all that frequently. Nonetheless, here we go. \myit{Why don't I get a title page/signature page?} The file is initially set up to not print these pages. You don't need very many copies so it can wait until the final printings. To print a title page or a signature page, uncomment the corresponding line in \astex. See \S \ref{comments}. \myit{I just ran \latex{} and the table of contents is empty!} Run \latex{} at least twice on your file. The first pass stores information about the table of contents in a file (called something like \verb+asthesis.toc+), and the next pass will read and use that information to actually create a table of contents for your thesis. \myit{\latex{} generates errors from my table of contents (resp. list of tables, list of figures)} This is probably caused by {\em fragile} commands (that's the official \latex{} lingo). The title of a section, for example, is put into a the \verb+.toc+ file for \latex{} to use the next time around when it typesets the table of contents. The problem is that perfectly good \latex{} constructions produce illegal \latex{} code in this pre-digestion process. In other words, things like chapter and section titles get processed by \latex{} twice, and some commands come out badly after the first pass. The cure is the \verb+\protect+ command. For example to create a chapter titled {\bf Generalizations of Wilson's theorem: $(p-1)! \cong -1 \pmod{p}$}, one should use: \begin{verbatim} \chapter{Generalizations of Wilson's theorem: $(p-1)! \protect\cong -1 \pmod{p}$} \end{verbatim} \myit{This package is messing up the title of my thesis!} Thesis titles should be in all capital letters according to the Graduate College. The package \assty{} trys to protect you by capitalizing your entire thesis title. If this causes a problem, simply uncomment the line \begin{verbatim} \dontforcetitlecaps \end{verbatim} in \astex. You are then on your own to capitalize your thesis title. \myit{My tables are double spaced, and I want them to be single spaced} You are probably making your table with the \verb+tabular+ environment (which is fine), but this just makes rows and columns. You now have two options: you can force single spacing directly (see \S\ref{space} of Chapter \ref{advanced}) or you can wrap this in a \ttt{table} environment. Doing the latter will generate an entry in the List of Tables, so this may be preferred (\S\ref{tables} of Chapter \ref{advanced} for more information). \myit{My tables (or figures) don't appear where I want them to!} This is simple, don't be so fussy about where your tables/figures appear. Write the surrounding text so that it does not rely on the table or figure appearing exactly where you wanted it. Demanding that tables or figures appear in a certain spot is not a winning position. Tables and figures are what are called {\em floats} because standard typesetting conventions provide that they should be able to float to an appropriate place in the document (or else they may cause terrible page breaks). Not only does the Graduate College insist that floats actually float, but so does the AMS (American Mathematical Society). Preparing a graduate thesis is that the experience should be similar to preparing a scholarly work for publication in mathematics. Most publishers, like the AMS, insist that floats be allowed to float. If you want to understand where floats are likely to end up, see the \latex{} book \cite{lamp} which describes the rules \latex{} will follow. \myit{I would rather that the entries in my bibliography be single-spaced.} No problem, just uncomment the line \begin{verbatim} \singlespacebib \end{verbatim} in \astex. \myit{I would like the use fancy font xxx for yyy.} You can use \latex's font switching abilities all you like, but beware of the Graduate College. Their format guide gives the impression that they love typewriters and hate computer typesetting. You can make your thesis look fancier with different font sizes, etc., but you do so at your own risk. \myit{Do I need to read the Graduate College format guide?} Yes, it contains instructions relevant to preparing a thesis which go beyond formatting. It is also important to be aware of what the rules are before you venture forward. \myit{I want to typeset my thesis in 12 point type, but some of the spacings don't look right anymore.} Using 12 point type is a legitimate request, but \assty{} is not ready for it yet. It should work for 99\% of the thesis, but some of the frontmatter pages may have incorrect spacing in type sizes other than 11 point. Maybe a future version will fix this. \myit{Why are parts of this document single spaced?} To save paper. We do not have to submit this document to the Graduate College and so we double space for illustration purposes only (like in the next chapter). \end{spacing} \chapter{Advanced features for beginners} \label{advanced} There are a number of features of \LaTeX{} which most beginners do not need but which frequently occur in theses. This section gives an introduction to several of these. You may want to check in a \LaTeX{} book for more details. \section{Single spacing} \label{space} In general, this is not an issue with \LaTeX{} since its default is to always typeset text as single spaced. The ASU Graduate College requires theses to be double spaced, and so the \verb+asthesis.sty+ file makes the thesis double spaced. The problem occurs when you, the author, want to single space something anyway. There are times when the Graduate College would allow this. There are three options: \begin{enumerate} \item Double space it. Chances are this will be OK with the Graduate College, so don't worry about it. If double spacing doesn't look beautiful, blame it on Graduate College rules. \item Maybe this style file provides an easy way to do what you want. \item Force single spacing. \end{enumerate} The style file automatically single spaces tables, if you use the \verb+\begin{table}+--\verb+\end{table}+ syntax (see section~\ref{tables}). With bibliographic entries, you have the option to double space them (the default) or to single space within entries. To do the latter, uncomment the line in \verb+asthesis.tex+ with the command \verb+\singlespacebib+. If you want single spacing in some other context, you can use the ``spacing'' environment. This comes from a \LaTeX{} package, so it may not be described in your favorite book. To produce: \vspace{2ex} \noindent \begin{spacing}{1} This is single spaced text. Generally the Graduate College at ASU frowns on its use except in a few situations, namely within tables, biliographic entries, and for displaying computer code. \end{spacing} \vspace{2ex} \noindent which was produced with: \noindent \begin{spacing}{1} \begin{verbatim} \begin{spacing}{1} This is single spaced text. Generally the Graduate College at ASU frowns on its use except in a few situations, namely within tables, biliographic entries, and for displaying computer code. \end{spacing} \end{verbatim} \end{spacing} \noindent You may need to fiddle a little with the spacing before and after a single spaced section. For example, see the source file for this document to see how this whole section was produced. \section{Tables} \label{tables} There are several things to aware of with tables: how to create them with \LaTeX; how to get them to appear in the List of Tables at the beginning of your thesis; how to single space them. \subsection{Creating Tables} This is really a question for a \LaTeX{} book, but a sample table is provided by table \ref{tab1}. \begin{table}[ht] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|l|l|} \hline System & \TeX-program & \LaTeX-command & Previewer & Printing \\ \hline Unix & TeX & latex file.tex & xdvi file.dvi & dvips file.dvi \\ Mac & OzTeX & Use menu & Use menu & Use menu \\ Dos & emTeX & latex file.tex & v file.dvi & p file.dvi \\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{A sample table \label{tab1}} \end{center} \end{table} In the file \verb+manual.tex+, this table was created with: \begin{spacing}{1} \begin{verbatim} \begin{table}[ht] \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|l|l|l|} \hline System & \TeX-program & \LaTeX-command & Previewer & Printing \\ \hline Unix & TeX & latex file.tex & xdvi file.dvi & dvips file.dvi \\ Mac & OzTeX & Use menu & Use menu & Use menu \\ Dos & emTeX & latex file.tex & v file.dvi & p file.dvi \\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{A sample table} \end{center} \end{table} \end{verbatim} \end{spacing} Note how the different \LaTeX{} environments are nested. The \verb+tabular+ actually constructs the table (i.e., does the work of aligning rows and columns). This row and column thing is centered by the \verb+center+ environment. Then the whole thing is wrapped in a \verb+table+ command supply a caption and creates an entry in the List of Tables. \LaTeX{} does not really care what a \verb+table+ environment contains -- it just creates handles the caption and makes the List of Tables entry. For example, we can make the table \ref{unreal}. \begin{table}[hbt] \begin{center} This is officially a ``table'', even though it is just some ordinary text. Go figure! \end{center} \caption{Not a real table \label{unreal}} \end{table} If you use tables, you should give them captions and uncomment the \verb+\listoftables+ line in \verb+asthesis.tex+. Finally, note that a \verb+tabular+ not contained in a \verb+table+ environment will be double spaced by default. To make it single spaced (without an entry to the List of Tables or an official caption), enclose it in a \verb+spacing+ environment (see section~\ref{space}). Captions should occur above tables (yet they should be below figures). If you want a \latex{} label for the table, it should be inserted in the caption. For example, \begin{verbatim} \caption{All simple groups of odd order \label{oddsimp}} \end{verbatim} allows you to refer to this table by \begin{verbatim} As we can see from Table~\ref{oddsimp}, all simple groups of odd order are cyclic. \end{verbatim} \latex{} will insert the table number for \verb+\ref{oddsimp}+. In this example, the \verb+~+ is simply an ordinary space, except that \latex{} is not allowed to use that space for a linebreak. \subsection{Why is this subsection here?} The only reason for this subsection is to illustrate a style point. If a chapter has a section, it must have at least two sections. If a section has a subsection, it must have at least two subsections, and so on. This rule is spelled out explicitly in the Graduate College format guide. \section{Figures} Figures behave just like tables do. There is a \verb+figure+ environment to contain the contents of the figure with commands \verb+\begin{figure}+ and \verb+\end{figure}+. The \verb+\begin{figure}+ can take an optional argument to specify to where the figure may float. If you use figures, you should give them captions and uncomment the \verb+\listoffigures+ line in \verb+asthesis.tex+. Captions should occur below figures (yet they should be above tables). \section{Computer Code} It is actually pretty easy to insert computer code in a thesis. You can preserve the original spacing and typeset it with a typewritter font by using \LaTeX's \verb+verbatim+ environment. The only problem with this alone is that the code will be double spaced. The solution is to combine this with a single spacing environment. For example, to produce the following code: \begin{spacing}{1} \begin{verbatim} main() { int sum=0, j; for(j=1; j<=10; j++) sum += j; printf("The sum of the first ten integers is %1d\n", sum); } \end{verbatim} \end{spacing} you would type: \begin{spacing}{1} \begin{verbatim} \begin{spacing}{1} \begin{verbatim} main() { int sum=0, j; for(j=1; j<=10; j++) sum += j; printf("The sum of the first ten integers is %1d\n", sum); } \end{verbatim} \verb+\end{spacing}+ \\ \verb+\end{verbatim}+ \end{spacing} Thus, computer programs can be pasted into a thesis with almost no change. Just be careful of lines which are too long. Since \LaTeX{} is trying to produce your output exactly as it appears, it would carry a long line into to right margin (upsetting the format checkers). \section{Making a bibliography} \begin{spacing}{1} The hard part here does not \LaTeX{} but the Graduate College requirements. You will be required to submit a sample of your official format for the format checkers to compare to. The most important thing to a format checker is that the bibliographic entries match those in the sample (i.e., the order of information and punctuation of entries). As far as \LaTeX{} is concerned there are only a few things you need to do. These are standard features of \LaTeX{} so you can find further documentation on them in your favorite \latex{} book. \end{spacing} \section{Faking it} \begin{spacing}{1} Occasionally, \latex{} refuses to cooperate in formatting something the way it needs to be. Either the author has a fixed view of the way some material should be formatted, or the Graduate College insists on material appearing in a particular way. If \latex{} resists your attempts to do things the ``right way''--that is by using its given constructs--then fake it. Feel free to use whatever tricks are needed to make the end result come out correctly. For example, some people have done this with entries in their table of contents by editting the \verb+.toc+ file directly. In any case, this should be done as a last resort. Inserting \latex{} hacks in your document may work temporarily, but later changes may cause them to cause unexpected side effects so be careful. \end{spacing} \begin{thebibliography}{OHPHS} %% Start your bibliography here. %\bibitem{} ... %% You can use the AMS-LaTeX \bysame \bibitem[GMS]{comp} M. Goosens, F. Mittelbach, and A. Samarin, {\em The \LaTeX{} Companion}, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1994. \bibitem[G]{graz} G. Gr\"atzer, {\em Math into \LaTeX: an introduction to \LaTeX{} and AMS-\LaTeX}, Birkh\"auser, Boston 1996. \bibitem[J1]{jj1} J. Jones, {\em Getting started with \LaTeX}, \\ \verb+ftp://math.la.asu.edu/pub/jj/asuthesis/otherdocs/start.tex+. \bibitem[J2]{jj2} \bysame, {\em \LaTeX\ under DOS}, \\ \verb+ftp://math.la.asu.edu/pub/jj/asuthesis/otherdocs/dos.tex+. \bibitem[J3]{jj3} \bysame, {\em \LaTeX\ under Macs}, \\ \verb+ftp://math.la.asu.edu/pub/jj/asuthesis/otherdocs/mac.tex+. \bibitem[J4]{jj4} \bysame, {\em \LaTeX\ under Unix}, \\ \verb+ftp://math.la.asu.edu/pub/jj/asuthesis/otherdocs/unix.tex+. \bibitem[J5]{jj5} \bysame, {\em \LaTeX\ under Windows 3.x}, \\ \verb+ftp://math.la.asu.edu/pub/jj/asuthesis/otherdocs/win3x.tex+. \bibitem[K]{tex} D. Knuth, {\em The \TeX book}, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading Mass. (1984). \bibitem[L]{lamp} L. Lamport, {\em \LaTeX: a document preparation system}, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading Mass. (1994). \bibitem[OHPHS]{shortintro} T. Oetiker, H. Partl, I. Hyna, E. Schlegl, {\em The not so short introduction to \LaTeX$2_\epsilon$}, \verb+http://www.loria.fr/tex/general/lshort2e.dvi+. \end{thebibliography} %% where appropriate \appendix %% Uncomment this if you have appendix(es) \chapter{How to use appendices} \begin{spacing}{1} Theses often contain appendices, so it helps to understand exactly what the \verb+appendix+ command does and does not do. \LaTeX{} likes to think of an appendix as a special sort of chapter. It will number it differently and typeset its heading differently, but it basically just another chapter. Thus, to create an appendix called {\em Reams of data}, you use the command \begin{verbatim} \chapter{Reams of data} \end{verbatim} In other words, it is exactly the same as starting a new chapter! You may be wondering how \LaTeX{} will know whether it is a chapter or an appendix. This is where the \verb+\appendix+ command comes in. Every \verb+\chapter+ before the \verb+\appendix+ command is typeset as a normal chapter. Every \verb+\chapter+ after the \verb+\appendix+ command is typeset as an appendix. If you do not have any appendices, then you should not use the \verb+\appendix+ command at all. Leave it commented out. Note that any appendicies should occur {\em after} the bibliography. \end{spacing} %% Each appendix then starts with a chapter %% command (it will automatically come out %% with an appendix heading). This is the %% standard LaTeX approach to appendices %\begin{thesisauthorvita} %% Write your vita here; it can be %% anything in LaTeX2e par-mode. %\end{thesisauthorvita} %% This is optional \end{document} %% Done.