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W. T. Trotter,
Arizona State University
Title: tba.
April 30, 12:30-1:30, GWC 487
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Abstract:
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Tentative Schedule
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Previous semesters seminars
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Spring 2002 talks:
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Chuck Dunn, A Somewhat Unexpected Behavior of A Competitive
Graph Coloring Parameter
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Let $r$ and $d$ be positive integers and let $G$ be a
finite graph. Two players, Alice and Bob, play a game
on $G$ by coloring the uncolored vertices with colors from a
set $X$ of cardinality $r$. At the end of each play, the
subgraph induced by any color class must have maximum degree
at most $d$. We say that Alice wins the game if all vertices
are eventually colored. Otherwise, Bob wins. The
least $r$ such that Alice has a winning strategy is called the
$d$-relaxed game chromatic number of $G$, denoted $d$-$\chi_g(G)$.
It is known that there exist graphs such that 0-$\chi_g(G)=3$,
but 1-$\chi_g(G)>3$. It is conjectured that for all
$r$ and $d$, there exists a graph $G$ such that $d$-$\chi_g(G)=r$
and $(d+1)$-$\chi_g(G)>r$. We will prove this conjecture
for the special case where $d=0$.
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Rekha Narasimhan, Catalan Numbers and Some New Bijections
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In this talk, we will have an overview of Catalan numbers and
their connection to lattice paths. We will then focus on
some new bijections between various sets counted by the
Catalan numbers, including non-crossing partitions
and sequences of integers. |
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Helene Barcelo, Topological methods associated to linear decision
trees
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Topological methods have been used (Bjorner, Lovasz,
Welker and Yao)
for estimating the size and depth of decision trees where
a linear test is performed at each node. The methods have been
applied for instance to the questions of deciding, by a linear
decision tree, whether given $n$ real numbers some $k$ of them are equal
or some $k$ of them are unequal. It turns out that the
Betti numbers of the complement of the $k$-equal arrangements
are the essential ingredient in a lower bound
for these complexity problems. We show that the $A-$theory
is closely related to these spaces, thus shedding a new
light on this topological approach to linear decision trees.
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Daquin Yang, The Dice Dimension of Tournaments,
Realizing Tournaments by Orderings, and the Monochromatic
Paths in Edge-Colored Tournaments
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A tournament on a set V of n vertices is a directed graph on
V in which for every pair of distinct vertices u, v in V, either
(u,v) or (v,u) is a directed edge, but not both. Stearns, McCarvey,
Erdos, Moser, and Alon studied the voting problem (realizing tournaments
by orderings). Recently, Dr. Kierstead studied the Dice Dimension
of Tournaments. We will discuss the relations between these two.
Some new result in Dice Dimension will be presented, and some
open problems which related to Dice Dimension and Monochromatic
Paths in Edge-Colored Tournaments will be mentioned.
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Andrzej Czygrinow, Distributed Algorithms for graph theoretic
problems
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In the distributed model of computations, as introduced by Linial,
a global function of a graph (for example a proper vertex coloring) must
be computed, by every vertex in parallel, based on information available
locally. In fact, to design an efficient algorithm a vertex v can obtain
information about vertices that are in the sphere of poly-logarithmic radius
with center in v. In addition, if no randomness is allowed, symmetry-breaking
concerns must be addressed. In this talk, we will overview the known results
and present algorithms for vertex- and edge-coloring problems.
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Andrea Richa, A Data Tracking Scheme for General Networks
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Consider an arbitrary distributed network in which
large numbers of objects are continuously being created, replicated,
and destroyed. A basic problem arising in such an environment
is that of organizing a {\em data tracking scheme}\/ for locating
object copies. In this paper, we present a new tracking
scheme for locating nearby copies of replicated objects in
arbitrary distributed environments.
Our tracking scheme supports efficient accesses to
data objects while keeping the local memory overhead low.
In particular, our tracking scheme achieves an expected $\polylog(n)$-approximation
in the cost of any access operation, for an arbitrary network.
The memory overhead incurred by our scheme is $O(\polylog(n))$
times the maximum number of objects stored at any node, with
high probability. We also show that our tracking scheme
adapts well to dynamic changes in the network.
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Andrzej Czygrinow, Distributed Algorithms for graph theoretic
problems - matchings
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Recently Hanckowiak, Karonski, and Panconesi designed a deterministic
distributed algorithm for the maximal matching problem. In this talk we
will outline an idea of an algorithm that finds a maximal matching of
size at least 2/3 of the possible maximum. This is a joint work with Hanckowiak
and Szymanska.
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Hal Kierstead, Asymmetric Graph Coloring Games
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Goran Konjevod, Probabilistic approximations of finite metric spaces
by trees
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Some NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems defined on finite metric
spaces (weighted graphs satisfying the triangle inequality) are much easier
when the graphs in question are trees. Thus it would be good if an arbitrary
graph could be replaced by a tree such that the solution to the problem on
this tree would give some information about the optimal solution to the problem.
One attempt to execute this idea is to approximate an arbitrary finite
metric by one induced by a tree (in the sense of preserving each pairwise
distance as closely as possible). It turns out that a general class of
problems may be solved approximately in this way even though for an arbitrary
finite metric space there is no tree that approximates it well. I will survey
the results in this area, try to give an idea of proofs involved and sketch
out some applications.
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Andre Kundgen, Minimal completely separating systems of k-sets
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Joint work with Dhruv Mubayi and Prasad Tetali.
A collection C of k-sets of a set [n] on n elements is called completely
separating if for every pair of distinct elements i,j in [n] there is at
least one set in C which contains i, but does not contain j. We investigate
the size of a smallest completely separating collection of k-sets of [n],
denoted by R(n,k). We will determine R(2k,k) within 1, and R(n,k) asymptotically
when n,k grow appropriately. Our tools include a variation of a Theorem
of Kleitman and Milner on antichains in the Boolean lattice, as well as
Baranyai's Theorem for partitioning the k-sets of [n].
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Radhika Ramamurthi, Splittable colorings
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Ramsey colorings can be interpreted as total colorings (colorings of the edges
and vertices) using a two round game played with an adversary. Given integers
n,m and r, we want to color the vertices and edges of the complete graph
on n vertices with r colors in two rounds. We lose if, at the end of the
two rounds, there is a totally monochromatic m-clique, that is a clique in
which all vertices and edges have the same color. In the first round, we
color all the edges. We then challenge the devil to color the vertices from
the same r colors. The threshold below which we always win (assuming intelligent
play) is exactly the Ramsey number R_r(m). Now consider a game where we still
color the edges in Round 1, and the devil colors the vertices in Round 2,
but now we WIN if there is a totally monochromatic m-clique. The threshold
beyond which we can always win was introduced by Erdos and Gyarfas. We present
improved upper and lower bounds for this threshold and generalize the problem.
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