Discrete Mathematics and Algorithms Seminar (Spring 2002) 

Department of Mathematics



 W. T. Trotter, Arizona State University
 Title:
tba.
 April 30, 12:30-1:30, GWC 487
 
Abstract:


Tentative Schedule



February



5
Chuck Dunn
A Somewhat Unexpected Behavior of A Competitive Graph Coloring Parameter  (GWC 409)
19
Rekha Narasimhan
Catalan Numbers and Some New Bijections   (GWC 308)
26
Helene Barcelo
Topological methods associated to linear decision trees  (GWC 487)



March


 5
Daquing Yang
The Dice Dimension of Tournaments, Realizing Tournaments by Orderings, and the  Monochromatic Paths in Edge-Colored Tournaments (GWC 487)
19
Andrzej Czygrinow Distributed algorithms for graph theoretic problems (GWC 308)
26
Andrea Richa
A Data Tracking Scheme for General Networks   (GWC 487)



April


2
Andrzej Czygrinow
Distributed algorithms for graph theoretic problems - matchings   (GWC 487)
9
Hal Kierstead
Asymmetric Graph Coloring Games   (GWC 487)
16
Goran Konjevod
Probabilistic approximations of finite metric spaces by trees   (GWC 308)
26
Andre Kundgen
Minimal completely separating systems of k-sets   (GWC 308)
26
Radhika Ramamurthi
Splittable colorings (GWC 308)
30
Tom Trotter
tba.  (GWC 487 )










Previous semesters seminars

Spring 2002 talks:

Chuck Dunn, A Somewhat Unexpected Behavior of A Competitive Graph Coloring Parameter


Let $r$ and $d$ be positive integers and let $G$ be a finite graph.  Two players, Alice and Bob, play a game on $G$ by coloring the uncolored vertices with colors from a set $X$ of cardinality $r$.  At the end of each play, the subgraph induced by any color class must have maximum degree at most $d$.  We say that Alice wins the game if all vertices are eventually colored.  Otherwise, Bob wins.  The least $r$ such that Alice has a winning strategy is called the $d$-relaxed game chromatic number of $G$, denoted $d$-$\chi_g(G)$.  It is known that there exist graphs such that 0-$\chi_g(G)=3$, but 1-$\chi_g(G)>3$.  It is conjectured that for all $r$ and $d$, there exists a graph $G$ such that $d$-$\chi_g(G)=r$ and $(d+1)$-$\chi_g(G)>r$.  We will prove this conjecture for the special case where $d=0$.


Rekha Narasimhan, Catalan Numbers and Some New Bijections

In this talk, we will have an overview of Catalan numbers and their connection to lattice paths. We will then focus on some new bijections between various sets counted by the Catalan numbers, including non-crossing partitions and sequences of integers.

Helene Barcelo, Topological methods associated to linear decision trees
 

Topological methods have been used (Bjorner, Lovasz, Welker and Yao)
for estimating the size and depth of decision trees where a linear test is performed at each node. The methods have been applied for instance to the questions of deciding, by a linear decision tree, whether given $n$ real numbers some $k$ of them are equal or some $k$ of them are unequal.  It turns out that the Betti numbers of the complement of  the $k$-equal arrangements are the essential ingredient in a lower bound
for these complexity problems. We show that the $A-$theory  is closely related to these spaces, thus shedding a new light on this topological approach to linear decision trees.


Daquin Yang, The Dice Dimension of Tournaments, Realizing Tournaments by Orderings, and the  Monochromatic Paths in Edge-Colored Tournaments
 

A tournament on a set V of n vertices is a directed graph on V in which for every pair of distinct vertices u, v in V, either (u,v) or (v,u) is a directed edge, but not both. Stearns, McCarvey, Erdos, Moser, and Alon studied the voting problem (realizing tournaments by orderings). Recently, Dr. Kierstead studied the Dice Dimension of Tournaments. We will discuss the relations between these two. Some new result in Dice Dimension will be presented, and some open problems which related to Dice Dimension and Monochromatic Paths in Edge-Colored Tournaments will be mentioned.


Andrzej Czygrinow, Distributed Algorithms for graph theoretic problems


In the distributed model of computations, as introduced by Linial, a global function of a graph (for example a proper vertex coloring) must be computed, by every vertex in parallel, based on information available locally. In fact, to design an efficient algorithm a vertex v can obtain information about vertices that are in the sphere of poly-logarithmic radius with center in v. In addition, if no randomness is allowed, symmetry-breaking concerns must be addressed. In this talk, we will overview the known results and present algorithms for vertex- and edge-coloring problems.


Andrea Richa, A Data Tracking Scheme for General Networks
 

Consider an arbitrary distributed network in which large numbers of objects are continuously being created, replicated, and destroyed.  A basic problem arising in such an environment is that of organizing a {\em data tracking scheme}\/ for locating object copies.  In this paper, we present a new tracking scheme for locating nearby copies of replicated objects in arbitrary distributed environments.

Our tracking scheme supports efficient accesses to data objects while keeping the local memory overhead low.  In particular, our tracking scheme achieves an expected $\polylog(n)$-approximation in the cost of any access operation, for an arbitrary network.  The memory overhead incurred by our scheme is $O(\polylog(n))$ times the maximum number of objects stored at any node, with high probability.  We also show that our tracking scheme adapts well to dynamic changes in the network.


Andrzej Czygrinow, Distributed Algorithms for graph theoretic problems - matchings

Recently Hanckowiak, Karonski, and Panconesi designed a deterministic distributed algorithm for the maximal matching problem. In this talk we will outline an idea of an algorithm that finds a maximal matching of size at least 2/3 of the possible maximum. This is a joint work with Hanckowiak and Szymanska.

Hal Kierstead, Asymmetric Graph Coloring Games

Goran Konjevod, Probabilistic approximations of finite metric spaces by trees 

Some NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems defined on finite metric spaces (weighted graphs satisfying the triangle inequality) are much easier when the graphs in question are trees. Thus it would be good if an arbitrary graph could be replaced by a tree such that the solution to the problem on this tree would give some information about the optimal solution to the problem. One attempt to execute this idea is to approximate an arbitrary finite metric by one induced by a tree (in the sense of preserving each pairwise distance as closely as possible). It turns out that a general class of problems may be solved approximately in this way even though for an arbitrary finite metric space there is no tree that approximates it well. I will survey the results in this area, try to give an idea of proofs involved and sketch out some applications.

Andre Kundgen, Minimal completely separating systems of k-sets

Joint work with Dhruv Mubayi and Prasad Tetali.
A collection C of k-sets of a set [n] on n elements is called completely separating if for every pair of distinct elements i,j in [n] there is at least one set in C which contains i, but does not contain j. We investigate the size of a smallest completely separating collection of k-sets of [n], denoted by R(n,k). We will determine R(2k,k) within 1, and R(n,k) asymptotically when n,k grow appropriately. Our tools include a variation of a Theorem of Kleitman and Milner on antichains in the Boolean lattice, as well as Baranyai's Theorem for partitioning the k-sets of [n].

Radhika Ramamurthi, Splittable colorings

Ramsey colorings can be interpreted as total colorings (colorings of the edges and vertices) using a two round game played with an adversary. Given integers n,m and r, we want to color the vertices and edges of the complete graph on n vertices with r colors in two rounds. We lose if, at the end of the two rounds, there is a totally monochromatic m-clique, that is a clique in which all vertices and edges have the same color. In the first round, we color all the edges. We then challenge the devil to color the vertices from the same r colors. The threshold below which we always win (assuming intelligent play) is exactly the Ramsey number R_r(m). Now consider a game where we still color the edges in Round 1, and the devil colors the vertices in Round 2, but now we WIN if there is a totally monochromatic m-clique. The threshold beyond which we can always win was introduced by Erdos and Gyarfas. We present improved upper and lower bounds for this threshold and generalize the problem.