Mathematical Biology Seminar, Fall, 1998

 Fall, 1997 talks
Spring, 1998 talks
Department of Mathematics, Arizona State University

CO-SPONSORED BY THE CENTER FOR SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Default time: Friday 2:40p.m. - 3:30p.m. Time and place may change for some talks 
Default place: PSA 308
Organizer: Steven Baer, Frank Hoppensteadt, Yang Kuang (kuang@asu.edu), Hal Smith (halsmith@math.la.asu.edu), Horst Thieme (thieme@math.la.asu.edu)



 
 FRIDAY,   Nov. 13,  weekend Tucson meeting, no talk.

FRIDAY,   Nov. 20, Floyd Hanson, Department of Mathematics, Univ. Illinois, Chicago.

Optimal Harvesting with Both Population and Price Stochastic Dynamics

FRIDAY,   Nov. 27,  Thanksgiving, no talk.

FRIDAY,   Dec. 4, Dritan Zela, Department of Mathematics, ASU



PAST TALKS


FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1998
             Yang Kuang, Department of Mathematics

            "How to Construct Better High-Dimensional Population Models"
        ABSTRACT: Mathematical population models are constructed based on
        plausible explicit and many implicit biological assumptions. While
        it is easy to incorporate explicit assumptions correctly in the
        model, those implicit ones are often ill treated. Indeed, this
        happens to many popular models in the literature and examples of
        such will be mentioned. For a model to be logically credible, we
        must do our best to ensure that all assumptions are incorporated
        consistently. To this end, a simple set of criteria is proposed by
        Arditi and Michalski in 1996. Following this set of criteria and
        other well accepted biological assumptions, we introduce two
        interesting three dimensional ratio-dependent population models.

FRIDAY, Sept. 11,      Horst Thieme, Department of Mathematics,ASU

Endemic models with arbitrarily distributed periods of infection

ATTENTION: TIME CHANGE:
Monday, Sept. 21, PSA 308  Zhu Jun Jing , Institute of Mathematics, Academic Sinica, PRC   

Local and Global Bifurcations and Applications in Biomath
  
Abstract: The first part of this talk is to briefly present the
bifurcations of fixed point and periodic solutions, global
bifurcation, some results from bifurcations to chaos, and some
methods of investigating bifurcations. The second part of the
talk is to discuss the applicaions of bifurcation theory in some
AIDS, infection disease and predator-prey's models.
 

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1998
              Irakli Loladze, Department of Mathematics

            "Paradox Of Energy Enrichment: Application of Stoichiometry
            to Predator-Prey Models"
        ABSTRACT: In 1971 Rosenzweig proposed Paradox of Enrichment
        showing that energy or nutrient enrichment of the prey population
        in stable predator-prey system results in increase of the predator
        biomass leaving prey biomass at the same level. Further enrichment
        results in destabilizing effect on the system.  Recent experiments
        by Urabe and Sterner show that energy (light) enrichment of the
        phytoplankton population (prey) can result in higher prey biomass
        and lower growth rates of zooplankton (predator). This paradoxical
        result, which one can call the Paradox of Energy Enrichment,
        contradicts the basic assumption that more prey is never worse for
        the predator and can not be explained by arguments based solely on
        energy flows. Concept of energy flow through trophic levels is the
        main tool in ecosystem modeling and is present in all modifications
        of Lotka-Volterra models. Adding to this concept the stoichiometric
        principles one can explain the above experiments.  The
        stoichiometric concepts will be presented and the two-dimensional
        model capturing the negative effect of energy enrichment on the
        consumer (predator) will be presented.

FRIDAY, Oct. 2 ,   Hristo Kojouharov, Department of Mathematics,ASU

Accurate Numerical Solution to a Subsurface Biobarrier Formation Model

Abstract: Biofilm forming microbes have complex effect on the flow properties
of natural porous media. Subsurface biofilms have the potential for
biotransformation of organic contaminants, and also to form biobarriers to
inhibit contaminant migration in groundwater. To describe the population
distribution and movement of bacteria we consider the
numerically challenging convection-dispersion equation with nonlinear
reactions. Nonstandard numerical methods are developed based on the ideas
of "exact" time-stepping schemes. The new approach leads to significant,
qualitative improvements in the behavior of the numerical solution.
Numerical results for a simple biobarrier formation model are presented
to demonstrate the performance of the proposed new method.
 
THE CENTER FOR SYSTEMS SCIENCE  PRESENTS
                                    Cellular Neural Network Workshop
                                      Date: Friday, October 9, 1998
                                       Place: Goldwater, Room 487
                                            Time: 3:00–5:00
3:00 Introduction: Frank Hoppensteadt, Director of SSERC
3:05–3:45 Leon O. Chua, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, UC-Berkeley
"CNN: A brain-like dynamic array computer on a chip"
          Abstract
                    This talk will present an introduction to the Cellular Neural Network (CNN) universal chip, which consists of
                    an array of CMOS circuit cells, where each cell is coupled only to its nearest neighbors. In addition to
                    mimicking the salient characteristics of a biological neuron, each cell is endowed with analog and logic
                    memory registers, as well as control-communication interfacing circuitry for executing stored programs, as in
                    digital computers. However, its working principle is based on nonlinear dynamics operating at nanosecond
                    time scales. The CNN universal chip is a universal Turing machine capable of universal computation. It is a
                    von Neumann stored program computer, supported by a user-friendly high-level C-like language, an
                    operating system, and a compiler. In particular, any cellular automata can be executed on the CNN universal
                    chip. It can mimic most vision-related brain functions and is ideally suited for high-speed image processing and
                    video applications, such dynamic scene analysis and segmentation, real-time image fusion, and artificial vision.
3:50–4:30 Tamas Roska Professor, Technical University of Budapest, Computer and Automation
                    Institute
                    "Computing infrastructure and physical implementation of TeraOPS CNN vision microprocessors"
                    Abstract
                    Programmability and efficiency are conflicting goals. In the analogic CNN array processor architecture, these
                    conflicts are resolved in a unique way, by exploiting a combination of spatio-temporal dynamics and logic
                    (analogic operation). The main themes of the lecture are:
                   1)  from high level language to the extended analogic cell processor
                   2) from smart sensors to dynamic programmability-circuit aspects
                   3)keys to make a trillion operation per second vision chip with optical input-review of the current chip designs
                   4)10,000 processor chips and beyond - the bottlenecks
                   5)multi-spectral image fusion - a must for TeraOps chips

FRIDAY, October 16, 1998       NOTE CHANGE OF ROOM AND TIME!
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        COLLOQUIUM & MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY SEMINAR    PSA 203   3:30 p.m.
        (Co-sponsor: Systems Science and Engineering Research Center)
        Marek Kimmel, Statistics Department, Rice University
            "Mathematical Models in Population Genetics, Lyapunov
            Differential Equation and Migrations of Early Modern Humans"
        ABSTRACT: We derive new results concerning mathematical description
        of genetic composition of populations under the time-continuous
        Fisher-Wright-Moran model with mutations of the general
         Markov-chain form. Unexpectedly, the matrix R(t) (possibly
        infinite) of the joint distributions of the types of a pair of
        alleles sampled from the population, satisfies a matrix
        differential equation of the Lyapunov type, known in control
        theory. Investigation of behavior of its solutions leads to
        consideration of tensor products of transition (Markov) semigroups.
          Semigroup theory methods allow to prove asymptotic results for
        the model, also in the cases when the population size does not
        stay constant. An important special case of the model arises when
        the Markov chain of mutations has the form of an unrestricted
        random walk. stepwise mutation models with and without allele
        size constraints, and with directional bias of mutations. This
        form of mutation process is used to describe the evolutionary
        dynamics of the so-called repeat-DNA.
          An interesting application involves modeling evolutionary
        dynamics of repeat-DNA in human populations and estimation of
        the migrations of early modern humans (200,000-50,000 ybp).
             Refreshments will be served at 3:00 p.m. in PSA 206.

FRIDAY, Oct. 23,
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        MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY SEMINAR                 PSA 308   2:40 p.m.
        (Co-sponsor: Systems Science and Engineering Research Center)
        Jiping He, Bioengineering, ASU and Whitaker Center for
        Neuromechanical Control
            title to be announced

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FRIDAY, Oct. 30,  Hal Smith,  Department of Mathematics , ASU

Title: Microbial Competition for nutrient and wall sites in plug flow

abstract
A mathematical model of microbial competition for limiting nutrient
and for a limited set of available wall-attachment sites in an
advection-dominated tubular reactor is formulated as a limiting
case of the more general model considered in \cite{ballyk2}. The
model consists of a system of hyperbolic partial differential
equations. The existence and stability properties of its steady
state solutions are investigated, both analytically and
numerically. A surprising finding in the case of two-strain
competition is the existence of a steady state solution
characterized by the segregation of the two bacterial strains to
separate non-overlapping segments along the tubular reactor.
 

FRIDAY,   Nov. 6,  Xiao-Qiang Zhao, Department of Mathematics, ASU

   ``Target Patterns and Spiral Waves in Reaction-Diffusion
     Systems with Limit Cycle Kinetics and Weak Diffusion"
 

ABSTRACT:  Target patterns and spiral waves are commonly observed
in certain models of chemical and biological systems such as the
Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction and the slime mold Dictyostelium
discoideium. These systems are governed by a chemical or biological
reaction and spatial diffusion, i.e. reaction-diffusion equations.
Generally speaking, a target pattern is a set of concentric rings
of constant concentration each moving outward. Along any radial
line, the pattern behaves asymptotically like a periodic travelling
wave. A spiral wave is a rotating, time periodic, spatial structure
of reactant concentrations where at a fixed time, a snapshot shows a
typical spiral pattern. There are two important kinds of
reaction-diffusion systems with quite different mechanisms:
one with excitable kinetics and the other with oscillatory kinetics.
In this talk, we will discuss general reaction-diffusion systems with
limit cycle kinetics and weak diffusion. The results are based on
the analysis of a nonlinear partial differential equation which is
derived from singular perturbation techniques. We obtain the first
order approximation expression of the dispersion curve for periodic
wave trains and then show that in the generic case of limit cycle
kinetics there is a one parameter family of target  patterns and
rotating spiral waves of Archimedian type exist. Finally, we use
these results to discuss the lambda-omega systems.